Gastritis is the name given to inflammatory processes in the gastric mucosa that inevitably lead to digestive problems. A person begins to digest food poorly, as a result of which his health deteriorates and weakness and lethargy appear. According to statistics, about half of all residents of our country experience painful symptoms of gastritis to one degree or another.
Diet for gastritis
Many people are wondering: what diet should you follow for gastritis? This is a very important issue, because proper nutrition is the main part of the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. If you have gastritis, you should always follow a soft diet, and if your health improves, you can only gradually return to normal eating habits. In some cases, doctors prescribe an individual diet for gastritis.
It should also be remembered that enzyme deficiency develops with gastritis, so in some cases it is worth using enzyme preparations such as Micrazim along with a diet to improve digestion.
There are two types of gastritis: acute and chronic. In different people, these forms can be accompanied by both high and low levels of stomach acidity. Acute gastritis has the following types:
- fibrinosis (aggravated by the appearance of infectious diseases);
- catarrh (accompanied by a violation of the integrity of the outer mucous membrane of the stomach);
- phlegmonosis (causes purulent inflammatory processes in the stomach walls);
- corrosive (one of the side effects of poisoning).
Chronic disease, in turn, comes in the following forms:
- superficial;
- hypertrophic;
- polyposis;
- bacterial;
- granulomatosis;
- autoimmune.
Another form of chronic gastritis is characteristic of people whose stomach walls have been damaged due to systematic intake of large amounts of alcohol.
Basic principles of diet for gastritis
Remember that the right diet for gastritis is the key to successfully eliminating symptoms. If the acidity of your gastric juice increases, you need to eat foods that help reduce its activity. Follow these three rules:
- Mechanical principle. Avoid foods that contain coarse fiber. Such products include onion plants, lean meat and bran. In addition, food cooked in oil is strictly prohibited.
- Chemical principle. Avoid foods that may increase gastric secretions. This list includes alcohol, carbonated water, citrus fruits (including their juices), coffee, black bread, cabbage and rich meat broth.
- The principle of heat. Do not eat foods that are too hot or too cold. They cause irritation of the esophagus and cold food, among other things, stays in the stomach longer than usual.
What foods can you eat if you have gastritis?
Include lean meat (such as rabbit) in your diet. Duck, lamb and goose are not allowed, but chicken can only be eaten without the skin.
Other acceptable foods and meals include:
- river fish;
- sea products;
- egg white omelette;
- oatmeal and buckwheat porridge;
- milk;
- pumpkin, pumpkin, tomato, carrot, various greens;
- berries with high sugar content;
- boiled and pureed fruits.
What should be missing from the diet?
If you have been diagnosed with gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori bacteria, then it is not recommended to prescribe a diet for yourself. For consistent and effective treatment of gastritis, consult a gastroenterologist or a nutritionist.
With this disease, the menu should not include:
- Fresh baked goods, especially rye bread, as well as puff pastries. Instead, it is better to eat white bread, regular cookies and pies.
- Soups with rich broth, including mushroom soup, cabbage soup and borscht. Such dishes should be replaced by light vegetable soups with potatoes, cabbage, carrots and onions.
- Smoked foods, as well as fatty and fatty meats. Instead, it is better to eat boiled or steamed meat dishes (cutlets, meatballs). Allowed types of meat are chicken and lamb.
- Hard-boiled eggs and fried omelets. They should be replaced with soft-boiled eggs and steamed omelets.
- Any salty and spicy foods, marinades, chocolate, carbonated drinks, coffee and kvass.
- Alcohol.
Diet for high acidity
With this form of gastritis, you should not eat too many fruits and vegetables, because they can worsen your health. But you should not completely remove these products from the menu. Avoid foods that stimulate the production of stomach acid and choose foods that reduce acid. By eating right, you are more likely to lose some weight than gain weight. Below is a table showing the permitted and prohibited products:
| Vegetables: carrots, pumpkin, potatoes, beets. Light vegetable salads. Tomatoes: ripe, chopped. Cucumber without skin. | Greenery. |
| Fruits: non-acidic, ripe, without peel (bananas, pears, apples). It is better to eat the fruits cooked rather than raw. Watermelon and cantaloupe - in very limited quantities. | Fried potatoes, pickled foods, sauerkraut. |
| Milk (cow or goat), cream, yogurt. Fresh cottage cheese. | Sour cream, kefir, hard cheese. |
| Soup with diet water. | Cabbage soup and borscht in a rich broth. |
| Pasta | Legumes |
| Boiled chicken or rabbit meat, lean river fish. | Smoked meat, fish and high-fat meat, canned food. |
| Oatmeal and buckwheat | Dried fruits |
| Soft boiled egg. | chocolate |
| Crackers, white bread (sits for a few days), dry cookies. | Hard-boiled eggs, fried omelet. |
| Weak tea and coffee, cocoa with added milk. | Rye and freshly baked bread. Cakes, confectionery with cream filling. |
Low acidity diet
In such conditions, you need to eat differently than before. Foods that promote gastric secretion should be eaten. The table below shows foods that are eligible for remission. If there is severe pain in the stomach, then it is necessary to remove foods that irritate the stomach tissue from the menu.
Vegetables: baked potatoes, tomatoes, greens, carrots, beets, pumpkins, pickles.
Diet for gastritis - general recommendations
Patients with gastritis should remove the spices used in the cooking process from the menu. You can improve the taste of food with fresh herbs (parsley, dill, celery). Greens will also help add vitamins to your diet: try to season most of your meals with finely chopped greens.
Small meals should be eaten, but avoid snacks; in this way, the stomach will not have difficulty in digesting food. Chew food thoroughly and eat slowly. Eating food in a hurry can worsen your health and aggravate your gastritis. Chew the food until it becomes an easily digestible paste.
Remember that proper and balanced nutrition is the key to treating gastritis. Many patients who follow a strict diet during treatment say that it helps to successfully eliminate all symptoms and pain associated with this disease within 4 weeks.
Important: read the instructions or consult your doctor before use.
What to eat for gastritis of the stomach?
Features of gastritis
Gastritis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the stomach lining, causing pain, loss of appetite and other symptoms. Of all the pathologies of the digestive system, the most patients suffer from this disease.
Many people underestimate the importance of timely diagnosis of gastritis and consider it a small deviation that does not require treatment. They think that the disease will not cause any harm and will gradually go away without treatment. However, if treatment methods and diet are not applied in time, the pathology can gradually turn into peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum and malignant transformation.
Etiological factors
Many studies have been conducted, statistical data have been collected, so Helicobacter pylori is the basis of the development of inflammatory pathologies of the stomach. It is a bacterium that attacks the walls of the stomach and duodenum. Most people are only carriers of the bacteria, but under the influence of negative factors, it begins to multiply actively, causing pathology. It is Helicobacter pylori that over time can cause the development of atypical cells of the mucous membrane, which leads to malignant degeneration.
- Eating poor quality food. This includes fatty, fried, spicy, smoked and excessively salty foods. This type of food has an aggressive effect on the stomach walls, causing an inflammatory process. Due to damage, Helicobacter pylori begins to multiply actively.
- Kurenie) When smoking, nicotine and smoke spread to the respiratory tract and digestive system. This has a negative effect on the mucous membranes, causing increased irritation and inflammation.
- Drinking large amounts of alcohol. It has a toxic effect on any tissue of the body, including the gastrointestinal tract. This causes inflammation to occur or intensify.
- Stress. Great physical and psycho-emotional stress. These factors lead to the active production of cortisol. This causes an increase in hydrochloric acid. Damage occurs if the bolus impacts the walls of the stomach in the absence of food.
If the patient is affected by several factors at the same time, the disease develops faster.
Clinical signs
In the early stages, the patient and the doctor may not feel the visual symptoms. The greater the damage, the more actively the inflammatory process develops.
- pain in the epigastric region, aggravated by stress, eating, hunger;
- nausea, vomiting that occurs regardless of food intake;
- constipation, diarrhea.
There are signs that can be used to determine whether a patient has gastroenterological pathology.
- frequent occurrence of epigastric pain;
- point pain in the middle of the abdomen;
- heartburn;
- frequent belching;
- constipation, diarrhea;
- occasional nausea;
- vomiting for no reason;
- the presence of any gastroenterological diseases in close relatives;
- the presence of bad habits (smoking, frequent alcohol consumption, overeating);
- periodic use of a strict diet.
It is impossible to determine the diagnosis independently, because the symptoms can be temporary disorders or other acute, chronic diseases. It is important to undergo examination and diagnosis by a doctor who will prescribe conservative or radical treatment depending on the developing lesion.
Diet
- gastroenterologist;
- nutritionist.
It is better that these doctors work together to provide quality treatment.
- degree of mucosal damage;
- degree of spread of the lesion to different parts of the gastrointestinal tract;
- reasons for defeat.
After collecting complete information, the feeding regimen is drawn up. This is one of the main methods of treatment that reduces the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.
- with high acidity;
- with low acidity.
Regardless of the type of diet chosen, the gastroenterologist should remind the basic principles of proper nutrition during the disease.
- Decompose. The total amount of products that the patient should consume in 1 day is determined. During the day, the food is divided into 6 parts. That is, the patient should eat every 3 hours. You should not overeat or starve, as these factors have a negative effect on the condition of the stomach. One serving is about the volume of two palms.
- Do not chew. The consumed food begins to be digested in the oral cavity under the influence of saliva containing enzymes. Therefore, it is important to chew each piece for a long time.
- Rest after eating. You need to sit and lie down for 30 minutes for the digestion process to start smoothly.
- Temperature. If an inflammatory process is suspected, eat hot food. It should not be too hot or too cold.
- Water mode. Drink at least 2 liters of water a day to maintain a stable water-electrolyte balance and prevent the development of dehydration. Drink a little water throughout the day.
- Mandatory protein intake. Proteins are the building blocks of the body. Thanks to them, damaged tissues recover faster after gastritis.
- Prohibition of eating excessively coarse food. It should not contain particles that can damage the affected structure of the mucous membrane.
- Proper cooking. It is boiled, steamed, cooked. Frying and smoking are prohibited.
- Prohibition of alcohol consumption, caffeine, energy drinks, soda.
- Maintenance of vitamin concentration. If they are normal, metabolism and metabolism are improved, the nervous system and digestive system are strengthened. If there is not enough food, multivitamin preparations are used.
Application of these rules reduces the burden on the stomach during treatment.
Fruits with high acidity
Gastritis accompanied by normal or high acidity requires special nutrition. It is necessary to control the temperature of the food: it is not recommended to eat food with a temperature above 40-50 ⁰C. Fruits can be pureed, steamed, boiled, baked or stewed, or consumed as purees, mousses, jellies, jellies or compotes. It is not recommended to use fruits with a large amount of organic acids (pomegranates, citrus fruits, fresh apricots), unripe or sour fruits. During sharpening, all fruits should be used only in the form of puree. The rest of the time it is better to use:
- varieties of sweet apples;
- avocado.
Fruits with low acidity
For the opposite form of gastritis, when acidity decreases, doctors recommend other fruits:
- citrus fruits - prevent the formation of malignant cells, maintain normal acidity;
- pomegranate and its juice help restore the gastric mucosa;
- peaches - promote the production of gastric juice, but they can be eaten only by patients who are not allergic to the fruit.
Attention! For any pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is important not to burden the stomach and follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.
Diet for gastritis with high acidity
- excessive production of hydrochloric acid;
- increased acidity of hydrochloric acid.
Normally, hydrochloric acid is meant to break down the contents of the stomach. But it should be within certain limits in order not to damage the body's own tissues.
- inflammation;
- erosion;
- ulcer;
- perforation.
Gastritis can develop at different ages. Long-term exposure to a harmful factor is enough for the development of the inflammatory process. If the acidity of gastric juice increases, you should follow a certain diet that reduces these indicators.
Attention! Many patients know that taking antacids reduces the acidity of gastric juice. However, it is forbidden to take these drugs on your own. They have contraindications and side effects.
When using a diet, it is important to follow certain rules for success to occur.
- Avoid foods that damage or worsen the stomach walls. It is a food that contains fiber and solid elements. For example, cereals, breads, bran, meat. All food should be as soft and easily digestible as possible.
- Refusal of any foods and drinks that cause an increase in the acidity of hydrochloric acid. For example, citrus fruits, canned goods, coffee, alcohol, soda.
- Eating food at a hot temperature. Do not consume hot water, hot liquids or food. Cold food is also unacceptable. Optimal limits are 25-35 degrees.
If a patient's gastritis is seriously aggravated and causes unbearable pain, it is necessary to immediately start a strict diet. This will help to significantly reduce the inflammatory process and allow tissue regeneration. Already on the 3rd day, a person will feel relief. But this is possible only with the additional use of drugs prescribed by a doctor.
- low-fat chicken or vegetable broth with crackers, which can be replaced with soft porridge (for example, oatmeal);
- pasta soup with milk (hard pasta is allowed);
- boiled young potatoes without cream, without salt;
- milk with reduced fat content in order not to cause an increased load on the gastrointestinal tract due to the appearance of a high concentration of lactose.
If there is a severe exacerbation and sharp pain, each product is added gradually, in small portions. This will allow the digestive system to get used to it and will not cause negative reactions. But if food causes nausea or pain, it is better to replace it with other types of food.
After the acute period, the diet is continued.
- boiled, baked eggs, they contain a high concentration of protein (the yolk can be removed to limit the amount of fat);
- cooked, boiled, steamed chicken, rabbit, beef lean meat (remove the skin before cooking);
- fish and seafood containing a large amount of omega-3, which has a beneficial effect on the digestive tract and nervous system;
- milk that needs to be boiled first;
- soups with added grain (any grain except semolina is allowed);
- vegetables sold in the store according to the season;
- fruits that are recommended to be consumed between main meals so as not to cause stress on the gastrointestinal tract, but not to leave the stomach empty;
- quality sausage;
- olive, sunflower oil;
- dumplings and similar products made at home from natural minced meat and thin dough;
- offal, which has the most positive effect on the liver, because it contains a large amount of trace elements and vitamins;
- soft cheeses;
- honey, weak tea, herbal decoctions, dried fruit compote.
- bakery products, cakes, fresh pastries;
- sweets, chocolate;
- dairy products.
All these foods increase stomach acidity. Carbohydrates have a negative effect on any part of the digestive system, causing strong acidity. This is a favorable environment for the proliferation of Helicobacter pylori. In addition, avoid chewing gum, because hydrochloric acid is actively produced during its use. If it is too much, acid gastritis will intensify. This can lead to erosion and ulceration.
Diet for gastritis with low acidity
With such an inflammatory process of the stomach, the concentration and acidity of hydrochloric acid decreases. Therefore, food is poorly digested, large pieces of food enter the intestines, which causes a heavy burden on it. This has a negative effect on the entire state of the digestive system. Typically, people over the age of 40 suffer from such gastritis.
- atrophic state of the gastric mucosa;
- tissue thinning;
- decreased parietal cell function.
Gastritis with low acidity is one of the most dangerous diseases that are difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to start treatment at an early stage, before the precancerous condition develops.
To correct the pathology, you need to consume foods that will stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. You also need to increase the acidity of the food bolus to process it.
Attention! At the same time, it is necessary to increase acidity and not stress the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, it is forbidden to use fatty, spicy, fried, smoked foods, fast foods, and alcohol, regardless of whether they increase acidity.
- drink 200 ml of low-carbonated mineral water before meals;
- chew the food thoroughly, gradually consume each piece, the whole meal takes at least 30 minutes;
- Between meals, it is recommended to eat fruits that increase acidity, they can be cooked in advance to avoid stress.
- types of lean meat - chicken, turkey, rabbit, young veal;
- any kind of fruits and vegetables that do not have a coarse fiber structure (citrus fruits, white cabbage and cauliflower are recommended);
- vegetable and meat broths;
- a small concentration of carbohydrates in the form of sweets and baked goods;
- fermented milk products of any kind;
- canned foods;
- herbal decoctions, tea, berry and fruit compote.
Since milk in any form reduces the acidity of gastric juice, it is forbidden to consume it while preparing a diet.
Gastritis is one of the most common digestive problems in the population. The disease can affect patients of any age. It can be prevented if you follow the rules of prevention. However, if the pathology has already developed, it is important to make a timely diagnosis and start treatment in order to prevent the development of complications. Therapy is based on proper and quality nutrition, improving lifestyle, avoiding bad habits. The diet is selected individually for each patient according to the degree of damage and acidity of gastric juice.